Remaining matter in the coal is called volatile material such as moisture, ash content and sulfur content. These are gradually removed by metamorphic process pressure and heat. Bituminous coal has special significance because it contains Bitumen which on heating in absence of oxygen is converted into coking coal.
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Coal mining taxes and royalties make up nearly 8% of state government revenue in Jharkhand. Most of the coal is transported to other states that have more facilities to burn it for power ...
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UPSC Exam. UPSC Exam; UPSC Exam 2024. UPSC Exam 2024; UPSC Syllabus 2024. ... sector of the oil and gas industry since oil refineries effectively act as the second step in the crude oil production process after the actual extraction of crude oil upstream. Distillation, the first step in the refining process, involves heating crude oil to ...
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Coal bed methane (CBM) refers to a reserve of natural gas stored in coal seams. It is an unconventional form of natural gas. In this article, we'll discuss Coal Bed Methane, its uses and challenges associated with it in relevance to the IAS Exam.. This topic is important for the UPSC Examination for General Studies Paper 3 Environment and Ecology as CBM is also seen as a clean energy source.
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GS Paper 3 Syllabus: Environment Conservation Source: The Hindu Editorial section Context: India has grossly underestimated the issue of illegal mining, which damages the environment and causes revenue loss. Direction: Just go through the article once, to understand the issue. Can note a few points. Status: Demand for minor minerals such as sand and . Continue reading "Illegal Mining of ...
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3. Coal Mining is the term that encompasses the physical extraction or removal of coal from the Earth's Surface. When coal is used as fuel in power generation, it is referred to as Steaming or Thermal coal while those which are used to create coke for steel manufacturing is referred to as Coking or Metallurgical Coal. Coal can be mined by both Surface and Underground Mining methods. Surface ...
WhatsApp: +86 18037808511![[Indepth] [Updated] Coal Sector in India IAS EXPRESS](/xpvza9k/95.jpg)
Mountaintop mining: the coal is mined after the mountaintop is removed to reveal the seam. Valley fills are used for storing the removed overburden in case of limited disposal alternative. Room and Pillar coal mining: in this method, the coal is mined from a horizontal plane and an array of rooms and pillars. Longwall mining: it is a type of ...
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Area of Focus. Key Objectives. Coal Analytics. Achieve the coal production target of 1012 MT for FY 202324. Increase coal production and efficiency. Formulate a coking coal strategy to enhance coking coal availability in the country. Improve the quality of coal. Private Investment. Achieve CAPEX target of Rs 21030 Crores for FY 202324.
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Coal Bed Methane, or CBM is seen as one of the alternatives. CBM is an unconventional natural gas that occurs in coal beds in adsorbed form during coalification process (transformation of plant material into coal) and is rich in methane content. It can be used for power generation, running internal combustion engines and as domestic fuel on ...
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The eligibility criteria has been done away with, and no coal mining experience is required to take part in the auction process. Simplified the process of the mining plan approval process from 90 days to 30 days. Other relevant measures include Promoting coal gasification through rebate in revenue share, and
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The 2015 Bill primarily seeks to allocate the coal mines that were declared illegal by the Supreme Court. It provides details for the auction process, compensation for the prior allottees, the process for transfer of mines and details of authorities that would conduct the auction. In December 2014, the ministry notified the Coal Mines (Special ...
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History of Coal Mining in India. India has a long history of commercial coal mining covering nearly 220 years starting from 1774 by M/s Sumner and Heatly of East India Company in the Raniganj Coalfield along the Western bank of river Damodar.; However, for about a century the growth of Indian coal mining remained sluggish for want of demand but the introduction of steam locomotives in 1853 ...
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Industrial processing of coal yields useful products like Coke, coal tar, and Coal gas. Coke: Coke is a rigid, porous, and black substance. It is the purest form of carbon. Coke is used in the manufacturing of steel and the extraction of metals. Coal Tar . Coal tar is a black and thick liquid with an unpleasant smell.
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In the light of recent developments in coal sector and its importance to the Indian economy, examine why coal is called as black gold in India. (200 Words) Coal is more than a fossil fuel, it generates electricity in easiest and traditional way. Thermal power plant constitute 59% of India's power production, Also many PSUs, . Coal Industry UPSC GS1 Read More »
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Continued expansion of India's economy is expected during, with annual average GDP growth of %, fuelled partially by coal. India's push to domestic coal mining through both Coal India and auction of coal blocks to private companies, coal usage in India will increase as it plateaus in other parts of the world, including China.
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The world's largest coal mining company, Coal India Limited (CIL), provides about 85% of India's domestic coal production. Orissa is the secondlargest state in terms of coal reserves, but it is also the thirdlargest coal producer, accounting for just over 15% of the country's total coal production. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.
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Coal bed methane, also known as coal seam gas or coalbed gas, is a form of natural gas recovered from coal beds. It is considered a clean energy source, contributing to its popularity. Countries like the USA, Australia, and Canada have seen significant development of CBM as an energy source. CBM consists of methane adsorbed into the coal matrix ...
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Recently, the Union Cabinet has approved a proposal to amend the Second Schedule to the MMDR (Mines and Minerals Development and Regulation) Act to specify the royalty rates of certain minerals, including potash, emerald and platinum group of metals. MMDR Act, 1957 regulates the mining sector in India and specifies the requirement for obtaining ...
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It was envisioned that the auction process of coal mines for commercial mining would give a thrust to adoption of newer and cleaner technologies like coal gasification and coal liquefaction. 20% rebate was, therefore, extended for quantity under coal gasification or liquefaction. Also, extraction of Coal Bed Methane was allowed for mine ...
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Context of Rat Hole Mining. On 13 December, 2018, at least 15 workers were trapped in a 320350 feetdeep coal mine in the East Jaintia Hills district of Meghalaya after it was flooded by waters of the nearby Lytein river. Rescue operations led by the National Disaster Response Force and the Indian Navy was on the scene to locate the trapped ...
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Unlocking coal mining for private players is a step forward to attain selfreliance in the coal sector. However, for sustainable utilization of coal, there is a need to look into these reforms from a multidimensional viewpoint. Announced Reforms In Coal Sector. Commercial mining of coal allowed, with 50 blocks to be offered to the private sector.
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Rathole mining stands as a distinctive method for extracting coal from narrow, horizontal seams, particularly prevalent in the region of Meghalaya. The term "rat hole" denotes the small, constricted pits that miners delve into, typically only spacious enough for an individual to descend and procure coal manually. Mining Process:
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Rat hole mining poses significant safety and environmental hazards. The mines are typically unregulated, lacking safety measures such as proper ventilation, structural support, or safety gear for the workers. Additionally, the mining process can cause land degradation, deforestation, and water pollution.
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'Rathole' mining was used to extract coal from narrow and deep mines in Meghalaya. In January 2019, some 15 miners lost their lives when they were trapped for more than a month in one such mine.
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India imports around 240 million tonnes (mt) of coal a year valued at about ₹ lakh crore. The 41 mines opened for auction now can hit a peak production of 225 mt in 202526, saving foreign exchange. A High Powered Expert Committee (2017) recommended a shift from the allocation of coal blocks for own consumption to commercial mining.
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It is the process of producing syngas, a mixture consisting of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), natural gas (CH4), and water vapour (H2O). During gasification, coal is blown with oxygen and steam while also being heated under high pressure. During the reaction, oxygen and water molecules oxidize the coal and produce ...
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UPSC Essentials will provide some guiding points or ideas as a thought process that will help you to ... — Rat hole mining is a method of extracting coal from narrow, horizontal seams, prevalent in Meghalaya. Advertisement — The term "rat hole" refers to the narrow pits dug into the ground, typically just large enough for one person to ...
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Coal gasification is the process of producing syngas (CO, H2, CO2, CH4 and H2O) from coal and water, air and/or oxygen. This can be used for electricity generation, converting syngas to gasoline and diesel, converting methane to LNG, etc. Mining in India has been very inefficient as mainly open cast mining is done.
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Coal India Limited (CIL) is making headlines for its innovative solution to the sand shortage problem. The company is using crushed rock fines (crusher dust), sand from Overburden (OB) of coal mines and soil removed during opencast coal mining, to produce Manufactured Sand (MSand). This not only repurposes waste materials but also reduces the ...
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Narrow, Horizontal Seams: Rathole mining involves extracting coal from thin, horizontal seams, which are prevalent in Meghalaya. These seams are often less than 2 meters in thickness. Primitive Extraction Techniques: Miners typically create narrow pits (referred to as "rat holes") into the ground, allowing only one person at a time to descend ...
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The term 'clean coal' is increasingly being used for supercritical coalfired plants without CCS, on the basis that CO 2 emissions are less than for older plants, but are still much greater than for nuclear or renewables. Some 26% of primary energy needs are met by coal and 37% of electricity is generated from coal, compared with 23% for ...
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A material supplier from Belgium would like to produce limestone powder for his custome...
India is rich in various mineral resources and it is an important mineral processing market
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