Coal liquefaction is an industrial process in which coal as raw material, through chemical reactions, is converted into liquid hydrocarbon mixture, which, under further processing, becomes desired liquid fuels or chemical feedstock. Therefore, the main purpose of coal liquefaction lies in production of either synthetic oil as a partial
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Liquefaction. Coal liquefaction is a process of converting coal into liquid fuels or petrochemicals. There are several processes to accomplish this task. The two most common are the indirect route and the direct route [58, 59].
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Liquefaction. Liquefaction is the process of converting solid coal into liquid fuels. The main difference between naturally occurring petroleum fuels and coal is the deficiency of hydrogen in the latter: coal contains only about half the amount found in petroleum. Therefore, conversion of coal into liquid fuels involves the addition of hydrogen.
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The FischerTropsch process is an important reaction in both coal liquefaction and gas to liquids technology for producing liquid hydrocarbons. In the usual implementation, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the feedstocks for FT, are produced from coal, natural gas, or biomass in a process known as gasification.
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Progress on US ERDA's coal liquefaction research and development programs is reported. This included operation of the SRC pilot plant to produce 400 tons of specification solventrefined coal, process development efforts related to the Synthoil process, site selection and engineering for the Hcoal process pilot plant, and renovation of the Cresap test facility (for testing components).
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•Brown Coal Liquefaction (BCL) Process NEDO •Amoco CC TSL Process •Supercritical Gas Extraction (SGE) Process British Coal •MITI Mark I and Mark II CoProcessing •Cherry P Process Osaka Gas Co. •Solvolysis CoProcessing Mitsubishi •Mobil CoProcessing
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Highlights •
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It should be noted that ironbased catalysts are widely used in coal liquefaction, as they are cheap and have low volatility, and thus, ironbased catalysts always exist in liquefaction residues. It is necessary to study the effects of ironbased catalysts on coal gasification, especially the catalysts used in the coal liquefaction process.
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article{osti_, title = {Novel use of residue from direct coal liquefaction process}, author = {Yang, Jianli and Wang, Zhaixia and Liu, Zhenyu and Zhang, Yuzhen}, abstractNote = {Direct coal liquefaction residue (DCLR) is, commonly, designed to be used as a feed stock for gasification or combustion. Use of DCLR as a value added product is very important for improving overall economy of ...
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coal liquefaction, any process of turning coal into liquid products resembling crude oil. The two procedures that have been most extensively evaluated are carbonization—heating coal in the absence of air—and hydrogenation—causing coal to react with hydrogen at high pressures, usually in the presence of a catalyst.
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Liquefaction. In materials science, liquefaction [1] is a process that generates a liquid from a solid or a gas [2] or that generates a nonliquid phase which behaves in accordance with fluid dynamics. [3] It occurs both naturally and artificially. As an example of the latter, a "major commercial application of liquefaction is the liquefaction ...
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In the discussion above the fuels synthesis is indirect, based on coal gasification followed by FischerTropsch synthesis. Direct CTL is a significantly different process approach, but both indirect and direct coal liquefaction require water for the same reasons, from demands for process cooling, hydrogen demand, etc.
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A process for liquefying a particulate coal feed to produce useful petroleumlike liquid products by steps which include: (a) contacting, in a liquefaction zone, said coal feed with a hydrogen donor solvent at temperature and pressure sufficient to hydroconvert and liquefy the coal, (b) separating the product from the liquefaction zone by distillation into fractions inclusive of a liquid ...
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New study shows liquefied natural gas might be worse for climate change than coal The findings have major implications for global climate goals and for the United States, which became the world ...
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Other articles where SASOL process is discussed: coal utilization: The FischerTropsch process: .1950s in South Africa (the SASOL process) and now supplies as much as onethird of that country's liquid fuels. ... coal liquefaction process. Learn about this topic in these articles: coal processing. In coal utilization: The FischerTropsch ...
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1Historical background 2Methods Toggle Methods subsection and carbonization processes
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Process slurries emanating from reactors generally contain 5 to 10 wt.% of solids. Solid—liquid separation processes must be used to separate the mineral residue and unconverted carbon from liquefied coal. Difficulties in removing those solid components represent a major obstacle to economic production of liquefied coal products.
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All direct coal liquefaction methods, such as HCoal, SolventRefined Coal, and Exxon Donor Solvent processes, are alike in one principal point: coal is thermally solubilized with certain solvents, usually coalderived, with or without catalysts. If heated in a proper liquid for a short time, most of the coal dissolves.
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Figure (A) Schematic representation of elution zones of different chemical families representative of a coalderived middle distillate; (B) SFCFID chromatogram of a coalderived middle distillate using the pyridine bonded phase showing the huge resolution of phenols from hydrocarbons.
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Coal liquefaction is the process of making a liquid fuel from coal. The fundamental difference between coal, a solid, and liquid fuels is that the liquid fuels have a higher hydrogen:carbon ratio. Liquid fuels have lower ash contents and are easier to upgrade (, to remove unwanted impurities such as nitrogen and sulfur).
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Direct coal liquefaction residue (DCLR) is, commonly, designed to be used as a feed stock for gasification or combustion. Use of DCLR as a value added product is very important for improving overall economy of direct coal liquefaction processes. This study shows that the DCLR may be used as a pavement asphalt modifier. The modification ability is similar to that of Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA ...
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A material supplier from Belgium would like to produce limestone powder for his custome...
India is rich in various mineral resources and it is an important mineral processing market
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