Abstract. This paper is devoted to the restoration of vegetation around mining areas on the example of two landreclamation zones in the Borodinsky coal mine during springsummer of . Analysis of vegetation in this area has shown that indicators of spontaneous plant diversity in plots No. 1 and No. 2 were considered moderate in both ...
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Reclamation bonds are posted by mining companies to ensure successful completion of the process. Reclamation includes the following steps: contouring of land; placement of topsoil or an approved substitute on the graded area; reseeding with native vegetation, crops and/or trees; and years of careful monitoring to assure success. As surface ...
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The reclamation process for all surface mining—including coal, bentonite, and trona—is very similar. When mining begins, the top soil—the top layer of fertile soil in which plants grow—is removed and saved for later use. The overburden—the soil that covers the mineral—is also removed and saved. Once mining operations are finished ...
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It is a significant order as abandoning of mines or improper land reclamation following mine closure has been a regular complaint of environmentalist and activists. ... (201819) regarding land restoration and reclamation of 52 opencast coal mines projects of Coal India Limited (CIL), the total mine leasehold area is square kilometres ...
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(1) Persons engaging in coal exploration or surface coal mining and reclamation operations on Federal lands shall provide access for any authorized officer of OSM, the regulatory authority, and, as applicable, the Bureau of Land Management or the appropriate Federal land management agency to inspect the operations, without advance notice or a ...
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Title IV of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) created the AML Fund, which is funded primarily by a reclamation fee (also known as the AML fee) assessed on each ton of coal produced in the United States and that, among other things, provides funding to eligible States and Tribes for the reclamation of coal mining ...
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The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 (signed into law on January 1, 1970) establishes a basic framework for environmental protection in the United States. The overall purpose of NEPA is to ensure that federal agencies evaluate the potential environmental impacts of their actions and consider the consequences when determining ...
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Mining is one of the most important economic sectors in Indonesia. Mining products contribute up to 17% per year of Indonesia's total export value, and from several major mining products, coal mining contributes a value of % [].Data from verified resources and reserves as of December 2019 showed that coal mining had the potential to reach 88, and 25, million tons, respectively.
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The Surface Coal Mining Land Conservation and Reclamation Act was passed on June 1, 1980, to be implemented with adoption of the permanent regulatory program. In May 1982, the Secretary of the Department of the Interior approved the Illinois program, thus implementing the permanent regulatory program for surface coal mining and reclamation in ...
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Underground Mining. Typical underground mining operations begin either by clearing a section along the hillside where the coal outcrops or by tunneling downward to reach subsurface coal (Skousen and Zipper, 2021).Roomandpillar mines progress by excavating linear channels into the coal seam and connecting the channels with rooms while leaving pillars of coal behind to support the ...
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Coal mine site reclamation February 2013 Report number: CCC/216 Authors: Lesley Sloss IEA Clean Coal Centre Abstract and Figures Coal mine sites can have significant effects on local...
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Reclamation of land disturbed due to mining in arid and semiarid environments occurs across the globe. Largescale surface mines provide unique opportunities to examine the reclamation process across a landscape. The objectives of this research were to (1) measure infiltration rates in reclaimed surface coal mines and (2) determine the effects of soil properties on ground cover on infiltration ...
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Mine land reclamation is the process of developing and utilizing land that has been damaged and abandoned by mining, reflecting the effectiveness of environmental protection. ... Some mediumscale coal mine pilot units have made further progress in green mine construction due to the investment of a large number of human, material, and financial ...
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Mine Subsidence. Reclamation Process. When subsidence reports are received, staff will investigate the problem to determine if it was caused by an abandoned coal mine. Other potential causes of subsidence include rotting tree roots, water impoundment and drainage issues, broken utility lines, and improper preparation of building sites.
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Reclamation Bonding Process SMCRA provides that, as a prerequisite for obtaining a coal mining permit, a person must post a reclamation bond to ensure that the regulatory authority will have sufficient funds to reclaim the site if the permittee fails to complete the reclamation plan approved in the permit. To remain qualified, selfbonded ...
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A Bloomberg News/NPR investigation found large coal companies used bankruptcy and asset transfers to move old mines to shaky new owners, putting at risk federally mandated land reclamation.
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In openpit mining, the process of disturbing the surface includes stripping of overlying strata, coalseam mining, solid backfilling, return of top soil, and reclamation. The study area consisted of the Shengli Coalfield, which is located in Zhenglanqi, to the northwest of Xilingol City, in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (43°54′15 ...
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With the total reclaimed area being km 2, the reclamation rate is about %. This study provides a systematic solution and process for monitoring the disturbance and reclamation of surface coal mining in a large range with little known about the mines' location.
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Maryland has industries like coal mining in its industrial past, which means it has legacy pollution now. ... adverse effects after the process has finished. ... Mining Reclamation and Enforcement ...
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The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) of 1977 is the primary federal law that regulates the environmental effects of coal mining in the United States. SMCRA created two programs: one for reclaiming abandoned mine lands and a second for regulating active coal mines. To learn about these programs, read the full text of the ...
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JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources is expected to reclaim more than 10,000 acres of abandoned coal mine sites across the state. The department recently received ...
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Mine reclamation is restoring a mine site to its premining condition. It includes capping and sealing contaminated areas, planting vegetation, salvaging usable materials, and reclaiming land affected by mining activity. The first step in the reclamation process is to locate and secure the mine site, followed by submitting an environmental ...
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What is Mine Reclamation? Reclamation is the combined process by which adverse environmental effects of surface mining are minimized and mined lands are returned to a beneficial end use. End uses may be open space, wildlife habitat, agriculture, or residential and commercial development. Some components of reclamation include practices that ...
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Coal resources have always been in a very important position in the structure of nonrenewable energy in the world [1,2].China is the main coal energy consumer in the word and coal mining has made great contributions to local economic development for years [].According to the statistics, seventyfive percent of the added value of global coal production comes from openpit coal mines.
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"The process has become politicized, and the NEPA process has become weaponized. The end result is costly permitting delays, increased land disturbance in mining costs, delayed reclamation, fuel ...
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The Abandoned Mine Land (AML) Reclamation Program uses fees paid by presentday coal mining companies to reclaim coal mines abandoned before 1977. This makes these areas safer for people and the environment. The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) of 1977, as amended, created this program. Provisions of the act set standards for ...
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The enforcement mechanisms SMCRA relies upon—prohibitions against selling coal or obtaining new permits—are now meaningless to many companies that do not want new permits and have no buyers for coal, making enforcement of reclamation standards even more difficult for s...
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The 1977 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act requires coal companies to clean up damage as they mine. When mining is over, the land must be put back to "a condition capable of supporting the uses which it was capable of supporting prior to any mining." That's not how it generally works in practice.
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Mine reclamation is the process of modifying land that has been mined to ecologically functional or economically usable state. Although the process of mine reclamation occurs once mining is completed, the planning of mine reclamation activities occurs prior to a mine being permitted or started.
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A material supplier from Belgium would like to produce limestone powder for his custome...
India is rich in various mineral resources and it is an important mineral processing market
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